More about metaphor-based algorithms:

• Kenneth Sorensen, Metaheuristics-the metaphor exposed, Intl. Trans. in Op. Res. 22 (2015) 3–18
• EC-Bestiary
• Christian L. Camacho-Villalón, Marco Dorigo, Thomas Stützle, Exposing the grey wolf, moth-flame, whale, firefly, bat, and antlion algorithms: six misleading optimization techniques inspired by bestial metaphors, International Transactions in Operational Research, Vol. 30, No. 6, 2023, 2945-2971
• Claus Aranha, Christian L. Camacho Villalón, Felipe Campelo, Marco Dorigo, Rubén Ruiz, Marc Sevaux, Kenneth Sörensen, Thomas Stützle, Metaphor-based metaheuristics, a call for action: the elephant in the room, Swarm Intell., 2021
• Jakub Kudela, The Evolutionary Computation Methods No One Should Use, arXiv:2301.01984, 2023.
• Lingyun Deng, Sanyang Liu, Deficiencies of the whale optimization algorithm and its validation method. Expert Systems with Applications, 2024, 237: 121544.
• Lingyun Deng, Sanyang Liu, Exposing the chimp optimization algorithm: A misleading metaheuristic technique with structural bias. Applied Soft Computing, 2024, 158: 111574.
• Lingyun Deng, Sanyang Liu, Metaheuristics exposed: Unmasking the design pitfalls of arithmetic optimization algorithm in benchmarking. Applied Soft Computing, 2024: 111696.